77.140.85 (Iron and steel forgings) 标准查询与下载

ASTM A788/A788M-15 钢锻件的标准规范 一般要求

1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM: ASTM Designation Title A266/A266M Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A288 Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators A289/A289M Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators A290/A290M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears A291/A291M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears, and Shafts for Reduction Gears A336/A336M Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts A372/A372M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels A427/A427M Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction A469/A469M Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors A470/A470M Vacuum-Treated Carbon a......

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

ASTM A372/A372M-15 薄壁压力容器用碳素钢和合金钢锻件的标准规范

1.1 This specification2 covers relatively thin-walled forgings (including gas bottles) for pressure vessel use. Three types of carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included. Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel bodies made from seamless pipe or tubing. Note 1: When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of this specification, the influence of wall thickness and cooling rate will necessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class. Note 2: Designations have been changed as follows: Current Formerly Grade A Type I Grade B Type II Grade C Type III Grade D Type IV Grade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55 Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65 Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade 1 Class 70 Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55 Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65 Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70 Grade G Class 55

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

ASTM A939/A939M-15 圆柱形锻件的钻孔表面超声检查标准实施规程

3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection from the bore surface is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultrasonic indications. 3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order requirements. 3.3 This practice requires pitch-catch search unit with twin transducers, which depending on the angle, are sensitive only to 2 to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface. 1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore surface. 1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized or automated. 1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. [64 mm]. 1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings

ASTM A473-15 不锈钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for low- or high-temperature service. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required.

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings

ASTM A1090/A1090M-14 耐大气腐蚀的锻造环材和中空型钢标准规格

1.1 This specification covers high-strength, low-alloy steel ring and hollow forgings intended primarily for use as base plates in welded tubular structures. However use of this specification is not restricted to such applications and it may be used in other applications for which the attributes of the materials, as defined by this specification, are appropriate. 1.2 The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels in most environments is substantially better than that of carbon structural steel with or without copper addition (see Note 1). When exposed to the atmosphere, this steel is suitable for many applications in the bare (unpainted) condition.Note 1—See Guide G101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels. 1.3 The thickness of forgings is limited only by the capacity of the composition to meet the specified mechanical property requirements; however, current practice normally limits the thickness of forgings furnished under this specification to a range of 2 to 6 in. [51 to 152 mm].Note 2—When the steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service should be used. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on weldability. 1.4 The text of this specification contains notes, footnotes, or both that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements. 1.5 Supplementary requirements are available but shall apply only when specified by the purchaser at the time of ordering. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Forged Rings and Hollows Produced from Steels with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance

ASTM A788/A788M-14 钢锻件通用要求的标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM: ASTM Designation Title A266/A266M Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A288 Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators A289/A289M Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators A290/A290M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears A291/A291M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears, and Shafts for Reduction Gears A336/A336M Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts A372/A372M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels A427/A427M Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction A469/A469M Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors A470/A470M Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts A471/A471M Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels A504/A504M Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels A508/A508M Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel......

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

ASTM A668/A668M-13 一般工业用碳素钢和合金钢锻件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for general industrial use. Other ASTM specifications for forgings are available for specific applications such as pressure vessels, railroad use, turbine generators, gearing, and others involving special temperature requirements. 1.2 Hot-rolled or cold finished bars are not within the scope of this specification. 1.3 Six classes of carbon steel and seven classes of alloy steel forgings are listed (see Section 7), which indicates their required heat treatments, as well as mechanical properties. 1.4 Provision, with the suffix H for certification and marking, for the supply of forgings after hardness testing only. 1.5 Supplementary requirements, including those in Specification A788/A788M, of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. 1.6 Appendix X1 lists the current classes corresponding to the various classes of Specifications A235, A237, and A243, which have been superseded by this specification. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification, the forgings shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use

ASTM A694/A694M-13 高压部件传输用管法兰,配件,阀门及零件用碳素钢及合金钢锻件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges, fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards referenced in Section 2. 1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1. TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements Grade Yield Strength (0.28201;% Offset), min, ksi [MPa] Tensile Strength, min, ksi [MPa] Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min8201;% F42 42 [290] 60 [415] 20 F46 46 [315] 60 [415] 20 F48 48 [330] 62 [425] 20 F50 50 [345] 64 [440] 20 F52 52 [360] 66 [455] 20 F56

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service

ASTM A702-13 热锻钢栅栏柱和组件标准规格

1.1 This specification covers steel fence posts manufactured from hot-wrought sections and intended for use in field and line fencing. 1.2 The posts are available as studded tee and are furnished painted or galvanized, unless otherwise specified. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Specification for Steel Fence Posts, Hot Wrought

ASTM A727/A727M-13 用于具有固定切口韧性的管道部件的碳钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components intended primarily for service in pressure piping systems from −20 to +650 °F [−30 to +345 °C] where inherent notch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testing is not required. Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or to dimensional standards such as the ASME and API specifications referenced in Section 2. 1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximum finished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. [51 mm]. 1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine whether material meeting the requirements of this specification is satisfactory for the service application. 1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the order. Note 1—There are no provisions for impact testing in this specification. When impact testing is required, refer to Specification A350/A350M. 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent Notch Toughness

ASTM A105/A105M-13 管系部件用碳钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specification. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products (see 5.2), it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. 1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel bars. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Note 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

ASTM A705/A705M-13 时效硬化的不锈和耐热钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers age-hardening stainless steel forgings for general use. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. Note 1—Bar products are covered by Specification A564/A564M.

Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings

ASTM A372/A372M-13 薄壁压力容器用碳素钢及合金钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers relatively thin-walled forgings (including gas bottles) for pressure vessel use. Three types of carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included. Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel bodies made from seamless pipe or tubing.Note 1—When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of this specification, the influence of wall thickness and cooling rate will necessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class.Note 2—Designations have been changed as follows: Current Formerly Grade A Type I Grade B Type II Grade C Type III Grade D Type IV Grade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55 Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65 Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade 1 Class 70 Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55 Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65 Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70 Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55 Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65 Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

ASTM A181/A181M-13 普通锻制碳素钢管的标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M. 1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1. 1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping

ASTM A668/A668M-13e1 一般工业用碳素钢和合金钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification covers untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for general industrial use. Other ASTM specifications for forgings are available for specific applications such as pressure vessels, railroad use, turbine generators, gearing, and others involving special temperature requirements. 1.2 Hot-rolled or cold finished bars are not within the scope of this specification. 1.3 Six classes of carbon steel and seven classes of alloy steel forgings are listed (see Section 7), which indicates their required heat treatments, as well as mechanical properties. 1.4 Provision, with the suffix H for certification and marking, for the supply of forgings after hardness testing only. 1.5 Supplementary requirements, including those in Specification A788/A788M, of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. 1.6 Appendix X1 lists the current classes corresponding to the various classes of Specifications A235, A237, and A243, which have been superseded by this specification. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification, the forgings shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use

ASTM A473-13 不锈钢锻件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for low- or high-temperature service. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings

ASTM A788/A788M-13 钢锻件的标准规格.通用要求

1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM: ASTM Designation Title A266/A266M Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A288 Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators A289/A289M Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators A290/A290M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears A291/A291M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears, and Shafts for Reduction Gears A336/A336M Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts A372/A372M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels A427/A427M Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction A469/A469M Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors A470/A470M Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts A471/A471M Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels A504/A504M Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels A508/A508M Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel......

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

ASTM A105/A105M-12 管系部件用碳钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specification. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products (see 4.2), it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. 1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel bars. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable ???M??? specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Note 1???The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as ???nominal diameter,??? ???size,??? and ???nominal size.???

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

ASTM A372/A372M-12 薄壁压力容器用碳素钢及合金钢锻件标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers relatively thin-walled forgings (including gas bottles) for pressure vessel use. Three types of carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included. Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel bodies made from seamless pipe or tubing. Note 1???When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of this specification, the influence of wall thickness and cooling rate will necessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class.Note 2???Designations have been changed as follows: Current Formerly Grade A Type I Grade B Type II Grade C Type III Grade D Type IV Grade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55 Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65 Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade 1 Class 70 Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55 Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65 Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70 Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55 Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65 Grade G Class 70

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

ASTM A998/A998M-12 下水道和其他设施工厂制波纹钢管中配件用钢筋的结构设计实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the structural design of reinforcement for fittings in factory-made, round corrugated steel pipe, conforming to Specifications A760/A760M or A762/A762M, for use as storm and sanitary sewers and other buried applications. This practice is for fittings on pipe installed in a trench or embankment and subjected to earth loads and live loads. It must be recognized that a buried corrugated pipe is a composite structure made up of the steel ring and the soil envelope, and both elements play a vital part. Both main and branch pipe shall be designed in accordance with Practice A796/A796M and installed in accordance with Practice A798/A798M. 1.2 This practice covers the structural design of reinforcement for fittings such as those for branch pipes. Refer to Section 5 for design limitations. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when the design is to be performed using SI units.

Standard Practice for Structural Design of Reinforcements for Fittings in Factoryx2013;Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications